(Japanese_MFA_dictionary_v2_0_1a)= # Japanese MFA dictionary v2.0.1a ``````{dictionary} Japanese MFA dictionary v2.0.1a :id: "Japanese MFA dictionary v2_0_1a" :tags: Japanese;MFA;IPA :language: "Japanese" :dialect: N/A :layout: mfa :template: dictionary_template :phoneset: "MFA" :license: "CC BY 4.0" ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/japanese/mfa/v2.0.1a/README.md :start-after: "## Dictionary details" :end-before: "## Installation" ``` ```{admonition} G2P models * {ref}`japanese_mfa_g2p_model_v2_0_1a` ``` ```{admonition} Acoustic models * {ref}`japanese_mfa_acoustic_model_v2_0_1a` ``` `````` ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/japanese/mfa/v2.0.1a/README.md :start-after: "new)." ``` ## IPA Charts ### Consonants Obstruent symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced. ``````{list-table} :header-rows: 1 :stub-columns: 1 :class: consonant_chart table-striped table-bordered * - Manner - Labial - Labiodental - Alveolar - Palatal - Velar - Uvular - Glottal * - {manner}`Nasal` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * m * Occurrences: 6024 * Examples * まくる: [m a k ɯ ɾ ɯ] * 近江八幡: [oː mʲ i h a tɕ i m a ɴ] * とんでも: [t o n d e m o] * 如きもの: [ɡ o t o c i m o n o] * mʲ * Occurrences: 1452 * Examples * 海沿い: [ɯ mʲ i z o i] * 南相馬: [mʲ i n a mʲ i s oː m a] * 見守り: [mʲ i m a m o ɾʲ i] * 明るみ: [a k a ɾ ɯ mʲ i] * mʲː * Occurrences: 43 * Examples * シンミリ: [ɕ i mʲː i ɾʲ i] * mː * Occurrences: 119 * Examples * まんま: [m a mː a] * ジレンマ: [dʑ i ɾ e mː a] * 真ん前: [m a mː a e] * ヴェンメン: [v e mː e ɰ̃] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * n * Occurrences: 5210 * Examples * モーガン: [m oː ɡ a n] * マグネット: [m a ɡ ɯ n e tː o] * guns: [ɡ a n dz ɨ] * 狙って: [n e ɾ a tː e] * nː * Occurrences: 168 * Examples * すんな: [s ɨ nː a] * 大なれ: [d a nː a ɾ e] * まん中: [m a nː a k a] * どんな: [d o nː a] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɲ * Occurrences: 2562 * Examples * ワクチン: [w a k ɯ̥ tɕ i ɲ] * アンチ: [a ɲ tɕ i] * のんき: [n o ɲ c i] * シーニック: [ɕ iː ɲ i kː ɯ] * ɲː * Occurrences: 79 * Examples * ニンニク: [ɲ i ɲː i k] * コンニャク: [k o ɲː a k ɯ] * にんにく: [ɲ i ɲː i k ɯ] * なんに: [n a ɲː i] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ŋ * Occurrences: 2101 * Examples * スーザン: [s ɨː z a ŋ] * パンク: [p a ŋ k ɯ] * カンニング: [k a ɲː i ŋ ɡ ɯ] * クウェーン: [k ɯ w eː ŋ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɴ * Occurrences: 2625 * Examples * 一トン: [i tː o ɴ] * オリン: [o ɾʲ i ɴ] * アメリカン: [a m e ɾʲ i k a ɴ] * シャイアン: [ɕ a i a ɴ] * ɴː * Occurrences: 5 * Examples * うーん: [ɴː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Stop` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * p * Occurrences: 1115 * Examples * スポンサー: [s ɨ p o ɰ̃ s aː] * ピレネー: [pʲ i ɾ e nː eː] * ピオリア: [pʲ i o ɾʲ i a] * パトリシア: [p a t o ɾʲ i ɕ i a] * pː * Occurrences: 305 * Examples * 酔っぱらい: [j o pː a ɾ a i] * ストップ: [s ɨ̥ t o pː ɯ̥] * ホップ: [h o pː ɯ̥] * いっぺん: [i pː e ɰ̃] * voiced * b * Occurrences: 2817 * Examples * バルーン: [b a ɾ ɯː ŋ] * ビッグ: [bʲ i ɡː ɯ] * アリバイ: [a ɾʲ i b a i] * ブレーク: [b ɯ ɾ eː k ɯ̥] * bː * Occurrences: 1 * Examples * やばい: [j a bː eː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * t * Occurrences: 6811 * Examples * ニチイ: [ɲ i tɕ iː] * 子育て: [k o s o d a t e] * 行って: [i tː e] * とろろ: [t o ɾ o ɾ o] * tː * Occurrences: 1060 * Examples * のぼった: [n o b o tː a] * 貯まった: [t a m a tː a] * まちがって: [m a tɕ i ɡ a tː e] * ありったけ: [a ɾʲ i tː a k e] * voiced * d * Occurrences: 2931 * Examples * デビュー: [d e bʲ ɨː] * タンザニア: [t a n dz a ɲ i a] * ジャリ: [dʑ a ɾʲ i] * まるで: [m a ɾ ɯ d e] * dː * Occurrences: 29 * Examples * ピラミッド: [pʲ i ɾ a mʲ i dː o] * デッドキー: [d e dː o c iː] * レッド: [ɾ e dː o] * ゴッド: [ɡ o dː o] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * c * Occurrences: 4140 * Examples * スキイ: [s ɨ c i i] * sqb: [e s ɨ c ɨː bʲ iː] * メキシコ: [m e c ɕ k o] * 教科書: [c oː k a ɕ o] * cː * Occurrences: 142 * Examples * すっきり: [s ɨ̥ cː i ɾʲ i] * ひっきり: [ç i cː i ɾʲ i] * 大っきく: [o cː i k ɯ] * っきり: [cː i ɾʲ i] * voiced * ɟ * Occurrences: 604 * Examples * ギレスピー: [ɟ i ɾ e s ɨ pʲ iː] * ぎょっと: [ɟ o tː o] * ギテガ: [ɟ i t e ɡ a] * つなぎ: [ts ɨ n a ɟ i] * ɟː * Occurrences: 1 * Examples * マッギー: [m a ɟː iː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * k * Occurrences: 14171 * Examples * 政財界: [s eː z a i k a i] * クール: [k ɯː ɾ ɯ] * コンウェイ: [k o ɰ̃ w e i] * 替わる: [k a w a ɾ ɯ] * kː * Occurrences: 747 * Examples * どっかり: [d o kː a ɾʲ i] * 引っかき: [ç i kː a c i] * 撤回し: [t e kː a i ɕ i] * スナック: [s ɨ n a kː ɯ̥] * voiced * ɡ * Occurrences: 3340 * Examples * 大げさ: [oː ɡ e s a] * 手掛かり: [t e ɡ a k a ɾʲ i] * モデルガン: [m o d e ɾ ɯ ɡ a m] * すぐれ: [s ɨ ɡ ɯ ɾ e] * ɡː * Occurrences: 21 * Examples * すごい: [s ɨ ɡː eː] * エッグ: [e ɡː ɯ] * ウィッグ: [w i ɡː ɯ] * ドッグ: [d o ɡː ɯ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ʔ * Occurrences: 17 * Examples * わるっ: [w a ɾ ɯ ʔ] * ギュッ: [ɟ ɨ ʔ] * おおっ: [oː ʔ] * うまい: [ɯ m a ʔ] ``` * - {manner}`Affricate` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ts * Occurrences: 3406 * Examples * そいつ: [s o i ts ɨ̥] * つけよう: [ts ɨ k e j oː] * 手伝った: [t e ts ɨ d a tː a] * アーツ: [aː ts ɨ] * tsː * Occurrences: 47 * Examples * 突っつく: [ts ɨ tsː ɨ k ɯ] * やっつけ: [j a tsː ɨ̥ k e] * フィッツ: [ɸʲ i tsː] * いっつ: [i tsː ɨ] * voiced * dz * Occurrences: 649 * Examples * づきあい: [dz ɨ c i a i] * 半蔵門: [h a n dz oː m o ɴ] * ずっしり: [dz ɨ ɕː i ɾʲ i] * ざんまい: [dz a mː a i] * dzː * Occurrences: 3 * Examples * キッズ: [c i dzː ɨ] * グッズ: [ɡ ɯ dzː ɨ] * ぜんぜん: [dz e n dzː e ɴ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * tɕ * Occurrences: 2443 * Examples * リチャード: [ɾʲ i tɕ aː d o] * 賃上げ: [tɕ i ɰ̃ a ɡ e] * チューリヒ: [tɕ ɨː ɾʲ i ç i] * 飛ばっちり: [t o b a tɕː i ɾʲ i] * tɕː * Occurrences: 154 * Examples * 一長一短: [i tɕː oː i tː a ŋ] * マッチング: [m a tɕː i ŋ ɡ ɯ] * 小っちゃい: [tɕ i̥ tɕː eː] * スイッチ: [s ɨ i tɕː] * voiced * dʑ * Occurrences: 984 * Examples * ジェリー: [dʑ e ɾʲ iː] * ジグソー: [dʑ i ɡ ɯ s oː] * ジェラルド: [dʑ e ɾ a ɾ ɯ d o] * ジャック: [dʑ a kː ɯ] * dʑː * Occurrences: 9 * Examples * カレッジ: [k a ɾ e dʑː i] * ヘッジ: [h e dʑː i] * ビレッジ: [bʲ i ɾ e dʑː i] * レッジ: [ɾ e dʑː i] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Sibilant` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * s * Occurrences: 8206 * Examples * マスタード: [m a s ɨ t aː d o] * マックス: [m a kː ɯ s ɨ] * スポーン: [s ɨ p oː ɴ] * ストーカー: [s ɨ̥ t oː k aː] * sː * Occurrences: 231 * Examples * くっついて: [k ɯ tsː ɨ i t e] * 一センチ: [i sː e ɲ tɕ i] * フィッツ: [ɸʲ i tsː] * 没する: [b o sː ɨ ɾ ɯ] * voiced * z * Occurrences: 1651 * Examples * ブラザーズ: [b ɯ ɾ a z aː z ɨ] * 恥ずかしい: [h a z ɨ k a ɕ iː] * バンザイ: [b a n dz a i] * バイザー: [b a i z aː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ɕ * Occurrences: 6728 * Examples * シュー: [ɕ ɨː] * 台無し: [d a i n a ɕ i] * ピンチ: [pʲ i ɲ tɕ i̥] * チャーター: [tɕ aː t aː] * ɕː * Occurrences: 265 * Examples * ボッシ: [b o ɕː i] * スケッチ: [s k e tɕː i̥] * フィッシュ: [ɸʲ i ɕː ɨ] * 独りぼっち: [ç i t o ɾʲ i b o tɕː i] * voiced * ʑ * Occurrences: 1814 * Examples * 初めて: [h a ʑ i m e t e] * ngo: [e n ɯ ʑ iː oː] * おやじ: [o j a ʑ i] * じょうぶ: [ʑ oː b ɯ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Fricative` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ɸ * Occurrences: 1494 * Examples * 踏んで: [ɸ ɯ n d e] * アウフゲ: [a ɯ ɸ ɯ ɡ e] * ファスト: [ɸ a s ɨ t o] * ファイヴ: [ɸ a i v ɯ] * ɸʲ * Occurrences: 69 * Examples * フィル: [ɸʲ i ɾ ɯ] * フィジー: [ɸʲ i ʑ iː] * フィッシュ: [ɸʲ i ɕː ɨ] * カダフィ: [k a d a ɸʲ i] * ɸʲː * Occurrences: 1 * Examples * ダッフィ: [d a ɸʲː i] * ɸː * Occurrences: 10 * Examples * ベグリッフ: [b e ɡ ɯ ɾʲ i ɸː ɯ̥] * ラッフルズ: [ɾ a ɸː ɯ ɾ ɯ z ɨ] * スタッフ: [s t a ɸː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiced * v * Occurrences: 32 * Examples * ヴャジマ: [vʲ a ʑ i m a] * レヴァン: [ɾ e v a ɴ] * ヴェーザー: [v eː z aː] * ヴィシュヌ: [vʲ i ɕ ɨ n ɯ] * vʲ * Occurrences: 19 * Examples * catv: [ɕ iː eː tʲ iː vʲ i] * リヴィウ: [ɾʲ i vʲ i ɯ] * ヴャジマ: [vʲ a ʑ i m a] * ヴィシュヌ: [vʲ i ɕ ɨ n ɯ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ç * Occurrences: 1151 * Examples * ひろげ: [ç i ɾ o ɡ e] * ひいて: [ç iː t e] * ヒーター: [ç iː t aː] * 引いた: [ç iː t a] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * h * Occurrences: 2516 * Examples * はいり: [h a i ɾʲ i] * ほんと: [h o n t o] * 法省令: [h oː s eː ɾ eː] * 懸け橋: [k a k e h a ɕ i] * hː * Occurrences: 2 * Examples * ゼンパッハ: [dz e m p a hː a] * バッハ: [b a hː a] ``` * - {manner}`Approximant` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * w * Occurrences: 1474 * Examples * 申し訳: [m oː ɕ i w a k e] * スウェット: [s ɨ w e tː o] * まわって: [m a w a tː e] * 壊れる: [k o w a ɾ e ɾ ɯ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * j * Occurrences: 2406 * Examples * やたら: [j a t a ɾ a] * 見よう: [mʲ i j oː] * 沈みゆく: [ɕ i z ɨ mʲ i j ɨ k ɯ] * かゆい: [k a j ɨ i] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɰ̃ * Occurrences: 2755 * Examples * エチレン: [e tɕ i ɾ e ɰ̃] * ベルグソン: [b e ɾ ɯ ɡ ɯ s o ɰ̃] * エッセンス: [e sː e ɰ̃ s ɨ] * オレゴン: [o ɾ e ɡ o ɰ̃] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Tap` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɾ * Occurrences: 6087 * Examples * ラテン: [ɾ a t e ɲ] * 繰返さ: [k ɯ ɾʲ i k a e s a] * イコール: [i k oː ɾ ɯ] * エリオット: [e ɾʲ i o tː o] * ɾʲ * Occurrences: 2568 * Examples * チャリング: [tɕ a ɾʲ i ŋ ɡ ɯ] * エミリー: [e mʲ i ɾʲ iː] * 盛りあげる: [m o ɾʲ i a ɡ e ɾ ɯ] * 送り状: [o k ɯ ɾʲ i ʑ oː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` `````` ### Vowels Vowel symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unrounded and those to the right are rounded. ``````{list-table} :header-rows: 1 :stub-columns: 1 :class: vowel_chart table-striped table-bordered * - - Front - Near-Front - Central - Near-Back - Back * - Close - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * i * Occurrences: 19507 * Examples * 追い詰め: [o i ts ɨ m e] * 拾った: [ç i ɾ o tː a] * 東広島: [ç i ɡ a ɕ i ç i ɾ o ɕ i m a] * ワサビ: [w a s a bʲ i] * iː * Occurrences: 879 * Examples * リピート: [ɾʲ i pʲ iː t o] * 新しい: [a t a ɾ a ɕ iː] * ディーラー: [dʲ iː ɾ aː] * アリーナ: [a ɾʲ iː n a] * i̥ * Occurrences: 2349 * Examples * 執よう: [ɕ i̥ ts ɨ j oː] * 然らざれ: [ɕ i̥ k a ɾ a z a ɾ e] * 押し掛け: [o ɕ i̥ k a k e] * きたして: [c i̥ t a ɕ i̥ t e] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɨ * Occurrences: 5721 * Examples * すっごい: [s ɨ ɡː o i] * 起こす: [o k o s ɨ̥] * けん銃: [k e ɲ dʑ ɨː] * リンス: [ɾʲ i ɰ̃ s ɨ] * ɨː * Occurrences: 1542 * Examples * ヒューズ: [ç ɨː z ɨ] * コミューン: [k o mʲ ɨː ŋ] * 富士通: [ɸ ɯ ʑ i ts ɨː] * スーダン: [s ɨː d a ɴ] * ɨ̥ * Occurrences: 1709 * Examples * ホノリウス: [h o n o ɾʲ i ɯ s ɨ̥] * スペシャル: [s ɨ̥ p e ɕ a ɾ ɯ] * ハリス: [h a ɾʲ i s ɨ̥] * マスタード: [m a s ɨ̥ t aː d o] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɯ * Occurrences: 9690 * Examples * 炒める: [i t a m e ɾ ɯ] * 受け取る: [ɯ k e t o ɾ ɯ] * うなずい: [ɯ n a z ɨ i] * ぬるぬる: [n ɯ ɾ ɯ n ɯ ɾ ɯ] * ɯː * Occurrences: 232 * Examples * クープ: [k ɯː p ɯ] * 封じ込めれ: [ɸ ɯː ʑ i k o m e ɾ e] * ループ: [ɾ ɯː p ɯ] * フード: [ɸ ɯː d o] * ɯ̥ * Occurrences: 2264 * Examples * 福知山: [ɸ ɯ̥ k ɯ tɕ i j a m a] * 振って: [ɸ ɯ̥ tː e] * 読みふける: [j o mʲ i ɸ ɯ̥ k e ɾ ɯ] * 草分け: [k ɯ̥ s a w a k e] ``` * - - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - Close-Mid - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * e * Occurrences: 10685 * Examples * けんすい: [k e ɰ̃ s ɨ i] * メージャー: [m eː ʑ aː] * ゆがめ: [j ɨ ɡ a m e] * はかれ: [h a k a ɾ e] * eː * Occurrences: 2247 * Examples * ケージ: [k eː ʑ i] * ベーシス: [b eː ɕ i s ɨ] * 安芸高田: [a ɡ eː a t a] * グレーター: [ɡ ɯ ɾ eː t aː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * rounded * o * Occurrences: 12811 * Examples * 乏しい: [t o b o ɕ iː] * クボタ: [k ɯ b o t a] * フォルク: [ɸ o ɾ ɯ k ɯ] * スローガン: [s ɨ ɾ oː ɡ a ɰ̃] * oː * Occurrences: 5471 * Examples * レチノール: [ɾ e tɕ i n oː ɾ ɯ] * なろう: [n a ɾ oː] * きのう: [c i n oː] * コービー: [k oː bʲ iː] ``` * - - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - Open-Mid - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - Open - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * a * Occurrences: 26310 * Examples * 日高川: [ç i d a k a k a w a] * せがむ: [s e ɡ a m ɯ] * ハーベイ: [h aː b e i] * 誤って: [a j a m a tː e] * aː * Occurrences: 954 * Examples * ミスター: [mʲ i s ɨ t aː] * 棚上げ: [t a n aː ɡ e] * オファー: [o ɸ aː] * ワーナー: [w aː n aː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` ``````